{"id":568,"date":"2013-05-17T18:18:22","date_gmt":"2013-05-18T01:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/?p=568"},"modified":"2014-11-06T09:20:39","modified_gmt":"2014-11-06T17:20:39","slug":"electron-multipliers-used-in-phi-aes-and-xps-analyzers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/electron-multipliers-used-in-phi-aes-and-xps-analyzers\/","title":{"rendered":"Electron multipliers used in PHI AES and XPS analyzers"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Physical Electronics AES cylindrical mirror (CMA), double-pass ESCA (XPS) and single channel SCA hemisphere analyzers use variations of the Channeltron\u00ae (registered trade mark of Photonis \u2013 Burle \u2013 Galileo) type of electron multiplier. The function of the electron multiplier is to increase the number of electrons that the analyzer detects by a gain of up to 2 X 108<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

All of these electron multipliers have the same connection scheme \u2013 the front of the multiplier is where the electrons enter and it is biased by the negative (NEG) lead of the electron multiplier supply. With respect to ground, the multiplier NEG is actually biased positive by 50 to 300 VDC, depending on the specific analyzer. The center connector of the electron multiplier is connected to the positive (POS) lead of the electron multiplier supply. The POS is biased with a positive voltage of up to 3000 VDC depending on the specific analyzer.\u00a0 Typically though, once the multiplier voltage needs to be set above 2500 VDC in order to obtain reasonable signal to noise, it is time to replace the electron multiplier. Finally, the back end of the multiplier (furthest away from the opening at the front) is connected to the collector connector on the analyzer. For most CMAs the collector wire on the electron multiplier is connected to the PC (pulse count) connector via a 50pf capacitor, and to the COL or ANA connector via a 100k ohm resistor.\"electron

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

There are only two things that you need to know about these multipliers:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. They have a limited shelf life. If you are not planning on using an electron multiplier shortly after you buy it then you need to store it under vacuum. Storing it in a desiccator will not prevent degradation. A few weeks are OK, but after a few months the gain will start to drop off noticeably.<\/li>\n
  2. When installing the multiplier, remember that the front with the hole in it is the NEG, the middle is the POS and the back end is the COL.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Below is a table that shows the RBD Instruments Inc. part numbers for the electron multipliers used in the various Physical Electronics analyzers that we service and provide replacement parts for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    System Type<\/td>\nAnalyzer<\/td>\nElectron Multiplier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5100 XPS<\/td>\n10-360 SCA<\/td>\n4821GRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    540 AES<\/td>\n10-150, 10-155<\/td>\n4839RE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    545 AES,<\/td>\n15-110<\/td>\n4731GRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    590 AES<\/td>\n25-110<\/td>\n4731GRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    548 ESCA<\/td>\n15-255G<\/td>\n4831GRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    560 ESCA, 570\u00a0 ESCA<\/td>\n25-260, 25-270<\/td>\n4831GRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    600 AES 660 AES<\/td>\n25-120A<\/td>\n4831GRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    RBD Instruments Inc. also provides channel plates for the 5300 and 5400 XPS analyzers, and the Chevron plates for the 5500 to 5800 series of XPS analyzers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The Physical Electronics AES cylindrical mirror (CMA), double-pass ESCA (XPS) and single channel SCA hemisphere analyzers use variations of the Channeltron\u00ae (registered trade mark of Photonis \u2013 Burle \u2013 Galileo) type of electron multiplier. The function of the electron multiplier … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[164],"tags":[88,87],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/channeltron-electron-multiplier.jpg?fit=203%2C267&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-9a","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2237,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-an-electron-multiplier-works\/","url_meta":{"origin":568,"position":0},"title":"How an electron multiplier works","author":"Randy","date":"February 6, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"This post will explain the basic concept of how an electron multiplier works. Electron multipliers are used in surface analysis instruments to boost the detected signal to a level where it can be amplified and processed into data. For Auger Electron spectrometers and X-ray photo electron analyzers the detected signal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General Optics and Vacuum"","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"continuous dynode electron multiplier gain","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/continuous-dynode-electron-multiplier-gain.jpg?fit=719%2C435&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/continuous-dynode-electron-multiplier-gain.jpg?fit=719%2C435&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/continuous-dynode-electron-multiplier-gain.jpg?fit=719%2C435&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3760,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/electron-multipliers-for-older-phi-aes-and-xps-systems\/","url_meta":{"origin":568,"position":1},"title":"Electron multipliers for older PHI AES and XPS systems","author":"Randy","date":"June 15, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Part numbers for electron multipliers for older Physical Electronics Auger and X-ray photoelectron analyzers.","rel":"","context":"In "General Optics and Vacuum"","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3546,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/augerscan-electron-multiplier-voltage-logic\/","url_meta":{"origin":568,"position":2},"title":"AugerScan \u2013 Electron Multiplier Voltage Logic","author":"Randy","date":"April 8, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Blog post that explains how the detection mode and electron multiplier voltage are set automatically by AugerScan on older PHI AES and XPS systems.","rel":"","context":"In "General Optics and Vacuum"","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"V\/F setpoint for AES","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/survey-setting-1.jpg?fit=697%2C483&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":345,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/","url_meta":{"origin":568,"position":3},"title":"Ion Beam Induced Low Energy Electrons","author":"Randy","date":"February 6, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"For the purpose of checking the performance of a surface analysis spectrometer such as a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) or spherical capacitive analyzer (SCA), looking at an ion induced low energy electron peak can be extremely helpful. The peak typically occurs at about 20 to 50 eV and the size\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ion gun noise","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":300,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/phi-optics-repair-guidelines-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":568,"position":4},"title":"PHI Optics Repair Guidelines","author":"Randy","date":"January 17, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This document contains information about optics repair methods, procedures and tricks that are useful when working on older PHI optics units such as cylindrical mirror analyzers, x-ray photoelectron spectrometers and sputter ion sources. General Optics Guidelines. Clean all tools with isopropanol or methanol and also degauss them if possible. Most\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General Optics and Vacuum"","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/10-155-electron-gun-detail.png?fit=619%2C568&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3199,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/72-100-electron-multiplier-supply-notes\/","url_meta":{"origin":568,"position":5},"title":"72-100 Electron Multiplier Supply Notes","author":"Randy","date":"April 2, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Notes on to test and repair the 72-100 electron multiplier supply used on older PHI Auger systems.","rel":"","context":"In "General Optics and Vacuum"","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Extended-72-100-board.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Extended-72-100-board.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Extended-72-100-board.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Extended-72-100-board.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=568"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1295,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions\/1295"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}