{"id":556,"date":"2013-05-08T13:29:09","date_gmt":"2013-05-08T20:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/?p=556"},"modified":"2024-12-05T08:10:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T16:10:26","slug":"x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-tutorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-tutorial\/","title":{"rendered":"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Tutorial"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (also known as XPS and originally as ESCA), has become one of the most prevalent and useful techniques for surface analysis since the introduction of commercially available instrumentation beginning in the 1960s.\u00a0 XPS is a UHV surface analysis technique that provides quantifiable elemental and chemical state information from the top 20 to 100 angstroms of surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s modern XPS systems use monochromatic aluminum X-rays and include the ability to produce real time XPS elemental images with spatial resolution in the range of a few microns.\u00a0 If you need an XPS system for your research or production testing and can\u2019t afford the $500K to over $1M for a new XPS system, RBD Instruments is your headquarters for refurbished Physical Electronics XPS systems and components.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/products\/info-refurbished-items\/systems.html\">Contact us for more information.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Below I have listed a number of links to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tutorials. They are in no particular order. Collectively, these tutorials provide an in-depth overview of the history, theory and applications for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.<\/p>\n<p>Here is new link to an XPS data knowledge base (and a wealth of information on XPS) from Vincent Crist at The XPS library\u00a0 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/xpslibrary.com\/price-for-professional-membership\/\" class=\"broken_link\">https:\/\/xpslibrary.com\/library-membership\/<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Please support The XPS Library with your donation!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.physics.ucdavis.edu\/fadleygroup\/BasicConceptsofXPS.pdf\" class=\"broken_link\">http:\/\/www.physics.ucdavis.edu\/fadleygroup\/BasicConceptsofXPS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mmrc.caltech.edu\/SS_XPS\/XPS_PPT\/XPS_Slides.pdf\">http:\/\/mmrc.caltech.edu\/SS_XPS\/XPS_PPT\/XPS_Slides.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jhu.edu\/~chem\/fairbr\/surfacelab\/xps.html\" class=\"broken_link\">http:\/\/www.jhu.edu\/~chem\/fairbr\/surfacelab\/xps.html<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_557\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?ssl=1\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-557\" data-attachment-id=\"557\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-tutorial\/physical-electronics-xps-system\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=390%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"390,306\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;HP PhotoSmart C912 (V01.00)&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;8.2&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.029697&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Physical Electronics XPS system\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Physical Electronics XPS system&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Physical Electronics XPS system&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=300%2C235&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=390%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy size-medium wp-image-557\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=300%2C235&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system-300x235.jpg\" alt=\"Physical Electronics XPS system\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?resize=300%2C235&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?resize=382%2C300&amp;ssl=1 382w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?w=390&amp;ssl=1 390w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-557\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"557\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-tutorial\/physical-electronics-xps-system\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=390%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"390,306\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;HP PhotoSmart C912 (V01.00)&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;8.2&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.029697&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Physical Electronics XPS system\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Physical Electronics XPS system&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Physical Electronics XPS system&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=300%2C235&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=390%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-557\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?resize=300%2C235&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Physical Electronics XPS system\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?resize=300%2C235&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?resize=382%2C300&amp;ssl=1 382w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?w=390&amp;ssl=1 390w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a> Physical Electronics XPS system<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Information on XPS (X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy) that is great not only for beginners but as a reference for experienced XPS users.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-tutorial\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[163,165],"tags":[84,399,83],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Physical-Electronics-XPS-system.jpg?fit=390%2C306&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-8Y","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":291,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/casaxps-data-processing-software-for-xps\/","url_meta":{"origin":556,"position":0},"title":"CasaXPS \u2013 Data processing software for XPS","author":"Randy","date":"January 9, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy or XPS (also known as ESCA, an abbreviation for Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), has become one of the most prevalent surface analysis techniques for the characterization of solid surfaces in vacuum. XPS systems come with software. Frequently, however, the functionality isn't sufficient to meet the needs\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Software for Surface Analysis Systems&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Software for Surface Analysis Systems","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/software-for-surface-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/CasaXPS-dialog-box.jpg?fit=746%2C517&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/CasaXPS-dialog-box.jpg?fit=746%2C517&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/CasaXPS-dialog-box.jpg?fit=746%2C517&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":113,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/surface-analysis-techniques\/","url_meta":{"origin":556,"position":1},"title":"Resources for Surface Analysis Techniques","author":"Randy","date":"September 18, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a fantastic resource for Surface Analysis techniques including Auger Electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and Energy-dispersive-ray spectroscopy. Using the search tool on the ASTM website you can easily find standards for anything\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Theory&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Theory","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/theory\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/lab-directory.png?fit=836%2C585&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/lab-directory.png?fit=836%2C585&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/lab-directory.png?fit=836%2C585&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":778,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/augerscan-aes-xps-software-tutorial\/","url_meta":{"origin":556,"position":2},"title":"AugerScan AES XPS software Tutorial","author":"Randy","date":"March 18, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"AugerScan tutorial that now includes a video on AugerScan and AES","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Software for Surface Analysis Systems&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Software for Surface Analysis Systems","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/software-for-surface-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Augerscan-Icons-vert","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Augerscan-Icons-vert.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3760,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/electron-multipliers-for-older-phi-aes-and-xps-systems\/","url_meta":{"origin":556,"position":3},"title":"Electron multipliers for older PHI AES and XPS systems","author":"Randy","date":"June 15, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Part numbers for electron multipliers for older Physical Electronics Auger and X-ray photoelectron analyzers.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4154,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/contact-issue-with-mcd-ceramic-on-phi-5600-xps-system\/","url_meta":{"origin":556,"position":4},"title":"Contact issue with MCD ceramic on PHI 5600 XPS system","author":"Randy","date":"January 21, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog post shows how to repair an open POS connector on a 16 channel MCD anode ceramic used in the MCD detector on PHI 5600 thru 5800 XPS systems.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Missing-gold-on-contact.jpg?fit=1200%2C1004&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Missing-gold-on-contact.jpg?fit=1200%2C1004&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Missing-gold-on-contact.jpg?fit=1200%2C1004&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Missing-gold-on-contact.jpg?fit=1200%2C1004&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4128,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/04-548-dual-anode-x-ray-source-area-of-illumination-excitation\/","url_meta":{"origin":556,"position":5},"title":"04-548 dual anode X-ray source area of illumination (excitation)","author":"Randy","date":"December 15, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog post includes a video which shows the area of illumination for an 04-548 dual anode X-ray source.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"04-548 dual anode X-ray source","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/04-585-dual-anode-xray-source.webp?fit=442%2C289&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/556"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=556"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4125,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/556\/revisions\/4125"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}