{"id":4232,"date":"2026-05-19T06:44:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T13:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/?p=4232"},"modified":"2026-05-19T06:44:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T13:44:09","slug":"annealing-of-316l-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/annealing-of-316l-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Annealing of 316L stainless steel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>As part of a design for a new electron energy analyzer design, we will be using 316L stainless steel for some of the optics parts. While 316L stainless steel is naturally non-magnetic due to its austenitic crystal structure, intense machining, such as cutting or drilling induces stress that converts some austenite into magnetic martensite, and the result is that the 316L will be very slightly magnetic. For our application we need to have all the optics parts be non-magnetic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The solution is to anneal the 316L parts by heating to\u00a01100C and then cooling rapidly back to room temperature. Annealing reverses this magnetic effect by allowing the distorted lattice to relax back into its original non-magnetic state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In my search for a company that can provide an annealing service I came across MET-TEK Inc.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"4234\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/annealing-of-316l-stainless-steel\/met-tek-inc\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=1062%2C399&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1062,399\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Met-Tek-Inc\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=300%2C113&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=584%2C220&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C220&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc-1024x385.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazy wp-image-4234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=1024%2C385&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=300%2C113&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=768%2C289&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=500%2C188&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?w=1062&amp;ssl=1 1062w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"4234\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/annealing-of-316l-stainless-steel\/met-tek-inc\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=1062%2C399&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1062,399\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Met-Tek-Inc\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=300%2C113&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=584%2C220&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=584%2C220&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=1024%2C385&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=300%2C113&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=768%2C289&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?resize=500%2C188&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?w=1062&amp;ssl=1 1062w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Their prices are very reasonable and besides annealing they offer a variety of services including \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Controlled atmosphere hardening<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Vacuum hardening and tempering<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Carburizing &amp; carbonitriding<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Solution annealing and age hardening<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Annealing, normalizing and stress relieving<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Aluminum solution treating, aging and annealing<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Gas nitriding<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Precision straightening<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Glass bead &amp; Rotoblast cleaning<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Cryo treating down to -200F<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met-tek.com\/services\">Metallurgical Lab Services<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I mention MET-TEK as a resource as it is sometimes hard to find a company that can provide annealing services at a reasonable price.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As part of a design for a new electron energy analyzer design, we will be using 316L stainless steel for some of the optics parts. While 316L stainless steel is naturally non-magnetic due to its austenitic crystal structure, intense machining, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/annealing-of-316l-stainless-steel\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[164],"tags":[463,462],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Met-Tek-Inc.jpg?fit=1062%2C399&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-16g","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":826,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/a-guide-to-9103-picoammeter-compatibility\/","url_meta":{"origin":4232,"position":0},"title":"A Guide to 9103 Picoammeter Compatibility","author":"Joe Caterinicchio","date":"November 4, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"RBD's 9103 USB Picoammeter and Actuel application (included in your purchase) are compatible with a number of hardware devices and operating systems. The complex nature of operating systems and hardware, as well as the differences between 9103 hardware and software compatibility, render a simple compatibility table somewhat lacking in clarity.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;9103 USB Picoammeter&quot;","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Picoammeter.jpg?fit=358%2C212&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3986,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/rbd-software-operating-system-software-compatibility-february-2024\/","url_meta":{"origin":4232,"position":1},"title":"RBD Software Windows Operating System Compatibility (February 2024)","author":"Joe Caterinicchio","date":"February 13, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Microsoft Windows General Support All of RBD\u2019s software products (AugerScan\/AugerMap for PHI Upgrades, Actuel for the 9103 USB Picoammeter, and CMapp for the microCMA Compact Auger Analyzer) are compatible with the latest version of Microsoft Windows (as of this post, Windows 11). In general, RBD warranty supports all versions of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;9103 USB Picoammeter&quot;","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3523,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/cmapp-for-the-microcma-version-1-0-released\/","url_meta":{"origin":4232,"position":2},"title":"CMapp for the microCMA Version 1.0 Released","author":"Joe Caterinicchio","date":"March 14, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Latest version of CMapp software new features.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;microCMA&quot;","block_context":{"text":"microCMA","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/microcma\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"microCMA software","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cmapp-1.png?fit=983%2C656&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cmapp-1.png?fit=983%2C656&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cmapp-1.png?fit=983%2C656&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":707,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/10-155-filament-replacement-procedure\/","url_meta":{"origin":4232,"position":3},"title":"10-155 Filament replacement procedure","author":"Randy","date":"July 22, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog post is an updated version of the 10-155 filament replacement procedure first published on the RBD Instruments website as a Technical Tip a number of years ago. This version has been updated with some close up pictures of the electron gun assembly shown at the bottom of this\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"filament-coupler-space-between","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/filament-coupler-space.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/filament-coupler-space.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/filament-coupler-space.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2717,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-winter-2020-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":4232,"position":4},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Winter 2020 News","author":"Joe Caterinicchio","date":"February 12, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Last year, RBD introduced an updated 9103 USB Picoammeter, with 3 new models: High-speed: 500 reads \/ second compared to 40 for the Standard Model High-voltage: an isolated signal input with the ability to float the 9103 Picoammeter to \u00b15000 VDC. High-speed \/ High Voltage: One model combining both features.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;9103 USB Picoammeter&quot;","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/actuel-1-6.png?fit=727%2C371&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/actuel-1-6.png?fit=727%2C371&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/actuel-1-6.png?fit=727%2C371&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2658,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/emo-box-push-button-switches\/","url_meta":{"origin":4232,"position":5},"title":"EMO box push button switches","author":"Randy","date":"November 20, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"This post has the part number information for the switches and light bulbs for the EMO box used on PHI XPS and AES surface analysis systems.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"EMO box","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/emo-box.jpg?fit=756%2C756&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/emo-box.jpg?fit=756%2C756&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/emo-box.jpg?fit=756%2C756&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4235,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4232\/revisions\/4235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}