{"id":345,"date":"2013-02-06T13:10:39","date_gmt":"2013-02-06T21:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/?p=345"},"modified":"2014-11-06T09:02:40","modified_gmt":"2014-11-06T17:02:40","slug":"ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/","title":{"rendered":"Ion Beam Induced Low Energy Electrons"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For the purpose of checking the performance of a surface analysis spectrometer such as a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) or spherical capacitive analyzer (SCA), looking at an ion induced low energy electron peak can be extremely helpful. The peak typically occurs at about 20 to 50 eV and the size if the peak is directly related to both the alignment of the ion beam to the analyzer as well as the amount of ion current.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Checking XPS Performance<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Set up an alignment for a range of zero to 100 eV kinetic. The eV range in binding energy depends on which anode energy you have selected in the software. See the table below.\u00a0 Most systems use an Al anode, so the energy would be 1480 to 1380 eV (which is about 0 to 100 eV kinetic).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Using a blank sample mount, position a sample to the focal point of the analyzer.<\/li>\n<li>Look under the Hardware Properties Menu for XPS and note the X-ray Anode type.<\/li>\n<li>Set up an alignment with the following parameters:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Upper Limit 1480 eV if Al is the anode, 1250 eV if Mg is the anode.<\/li>\n<li>Lower limit 1380 eV if Al is the anode, 1150 eV if Mg is the anode<\/li>\n<li>EV per step .5 (or the closest selection .5)<\/li>\n<li>Time per step 20 ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Start the alignment and turn on the ion gun (no raster). You should have a low energy peak at around 20 to 50 eV kinetic.<\/li>\n<li>If necessary, reduce the ion gun beam current to prevent the detector from saturating. (You can increase the ion gun condenser lens setting or reduce the emission current in order to reduce the ion beam\u00a0 current).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If you do not get the peak, then you have a problem with the analyzer or analyzer electronics. If you do, then the analyzer and\u00a0 electronics are probably OK.<\/p>\n<p>This is a very useful technique for isolating a low signal XPS problem between the analyzer and the X-ray source. You can also use the low energy peak to rough in the alignment of the ion gun to the XPS analyzer focal point.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"346\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/low-energy-peak-of-mg-anode\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?fit=661%2C265&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"661,265\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Low energy peak of Mg anode\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?fit=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?fit=584%2C234&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy alignleft  wp-image-346\" title=\"Low energy peak of Mg anode\" alt=\"Low energy peak of Mg anode\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C234&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png\" width=\"584\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?w=661&amp;ssl=1 661w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?resize=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?resize=500%2C200&amp;ssl=1 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"346\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/low-energy-peak-of-mg-anode\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?fit=661%2C265&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"661,265\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Low energy peak of Mg anode\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?fit=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?fit=584%2C234&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-346\" title=\"Low energy peak of Mg anode\" alt=\"Low energy peak of Mg anode\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?resize=584%2C234&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"584\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?w=661&amp;ssl=1 661w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?resize=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Low-energy-peak-of-Mg-anode.png?resize=500%2C200&amp;ssl=1 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Checking AES Noise Level<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Analyzer noise (noisy data) can be caused by these things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poor contact between the inner and outer cylinder terminating ceramics<\/li>\n<li>Analyzer control<\/li>\n<li>Electron Multiplier supply<\/li>\n<li>Electron gun control or Electron gun high voltage supply<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This technique will help isolate analyzer noise by determining if it is related to the electron gun, which in tern would be caused by the electron gun control or electron gun high voltage supply.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>This procedure uses both the electron gun and ion gun as a source to generate low energy electrons. By comparing the relative noise levels, you can determine if the problem is related to the electron beam only, or both beams.\u00a0 If it is related only to the electron beam, then the problem is in the electron gun control or electron gun high voltage supply.<\/p>\n<p>If both the electron and ion beams are noisy, then the problem is either the analyzer control, multiplier supply or poor contact in the analyzer.\u00a0 The analyzer control and electron multiplier supplies can be tested for noise using the appropriate calibration procedure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Procedure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This procedure was written specifically for a Physical Electronics 600 scanning auger system, but the principles can be applied to other systems as well.<\/p>\n<p>Set up an alignment with these parameters:<\/p>\n<p>Lower Limit 0, Upper Limit 100, EV per step 1, Time per step 20 ms<\/p>\n<p>In AugerScan, go to the Multiplier Properties dialog box and uncheck the Auto EMS box. This will keep the computer from trying to automatically set up the electron multiplier voltage.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>In AugerScan, go to the Hardware Properties dialog box and make sure the input is VF1.<\/li>\n<li>With the electron beam on and set up for a normal elastic peak, start the acquisition and manually adjust the 32-100 CMA electron multiplier until you have a maximum count rate of approximately 100Kcps.\u00a0 You will see a low energy peak around 20 to 50 eV depending on your sample.<\/li>\n<li>Use the yellow cycle stop button to end the alignment and then save the file.<\/li>\n<li>Blank the electron beam and turn on the ion gun. Do not use any raster.<\/li>\n<li>Start the acquisition and manually adjust the 32-100 CMA electron multiplier until you have a maximum count rate of approximately 100Kcps.<\/li>\n<li>Use the yellow cycle stop button to end the alignment and then save the file.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Compare the two files to determine whether or not they have similar amounts of noise.\u00a0 In the examples shown below, then electron gun as a source exhibits more noise than the ion gun as a source.\u00a0 In this instance the problem was isolated to a noisy emission supply in the 20-610 High Voltage supply on a 600 system.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"347\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/electron-gun-noise\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"419,277\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Electron gun noise\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?fit=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy alignleft size-full wp-image-347\" alt=\"Electron gun noise\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=419%2C277&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png\" width=\"419\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?w=419&amp;ssl=1 419w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"347\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/electron-gun-noise\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"419,277\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Electron gun noise\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?fit=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-347\" alt=\"Electron gun noise\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?resize=419%2C277&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"419\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?w=419&amp;ssl=1 419w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Electron-gun-noise.png?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"348\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/ion-gun-noise\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"419,277\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ion gun noise\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?fit=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy alignleft size-full wp-image-348\" alt=\"ion gun noise\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=419%2C277&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png\" width=\"419\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?w=419&amp;ssl=1 419w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"348\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/ion-gun-noise\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"419,277\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ion gun noise\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?fit=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?fit=419%2C277&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-348\" alt=\"ion gun noise\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?resize=419%2C277&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"419\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?w=419&amp;ssl=1 419w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Ion Gun Alignment<\/h1>\n<p>On systems that do not have scanning electronic guns for TV imaging, you can use the low energy peak to center the ion beam with respect to the analyzer focal point. If you have scanning then you can simply look at the ion beam in real time on a SiO2 sample.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0AES Ion Gun Alignment Procedure (for non-scanning AES):<\/h2>\n<p>Using a blank sample mount, position a sample to the focal point of the analyzer (Elastic peak).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Set up an alignment with the following parameters:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Lower limit 0 eV<\/li>\n<li>Upper Limit 100 eV<\/li>\n<li>Time per step 20 ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>In the Multiplier Properties dialog box, un-check the Auto EMS Box.<\/li>\n<li>In the Hardware Properties dialog box, make sure the input is V\/F1.<\/li>\n<li>On the 32-100, set the CMA multiplier switch to Analog and make sure the potentiometer is fully CCW.<\/li>\n<li>Start the alignment and turn on the ion gun (no raster).<\/li>\n<li>Slowly turn up the 32-100 CMA multiplier supply (or the 20-075 multiplier supply if you have an older system) until you have about a 100K cps low energy electron peak at 20 to 50eV.\u00a0 This should occur at no more than 2000 volts on the multiplier (5.0 on the 32-100 potentiometer).<\/li>\n<li>Finally, adjust the X and Y position of the ion gun for maximum signal. The ion gun is now aligned to the focal point of the analyzer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1><strong>XPS Ion Gun Alignment Procedure:<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Using a blank sample mount, position a sample to the focal point of the analyzer.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Look under the Hardware Properties Menu for XPS and note the X-ray Anode type.<\/li>\n<li>Set up an alignment with the following parameters:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Upper Limit 1480 eV if Al is the anode, 1250 eV if Mg is the anode.<\/li>\n<li>Lower limit 1380 eV if Al is the anode, 1150 eV if Mg is the anode<\/li>\n<li>EV per step .5 (or the closest selection to .5)<\/li>\n<li>Time per step 20 ms<\/li>\n<li>Pass Energy 100 (or the closest selection to 100)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Start the alignment and turn on the ion gun (no raster). You should have a low energy electron peak at around 20 to 50 eV kinetic.<\/li>\n<li>If necessary, reduce the ion gun beam current to prevent the detector from saturating. (You can increase the condenser lens setting or reduce the emission current in order to reduce the ion beam\u00a0 current).<\/li>\n<li>Finally, adjust the X and Y position of the ion gun for maximum signal. The ion gun is now aligned to the focal point of the analyzer.\u00a0 Once roughed in you can use a piece of TaO5 to check the alignment of the ion gun with respect to the system microscope because when you burn through the oxide layer you will see a blue ring on the TaO5 sample. RBD Instruments provides TaO5 samples for this purpose.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the purpose of checking the performance of a surface analysis spectrometer such as a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) or spherical capacitive analyzer (SCA), looking at an ion induced low energy electron peak can be extremely helpful. The peak typically &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[162],"tags":[43,50,51,52],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-5z","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1031,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/20-805-analyzer-control-calibrations\/","url_meta":{"origin":345,"position":0},"title":"20-805 analyzer control calibrations","author":"Randy","date":"April 7, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"This post explains some tests and calibrations for the 20-805 analyzer control which is used on older Physical Electronics (PHI) ESCA, XPS and AES surface analysis systems. The 20-805 analyzer control is typically used to control the 15-255G and 25-260 double pass cylindrical mirror analyzers. 20-805 Analog AES Input Test\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Operation and Calibration Procedures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"analyzer-control-20805","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/analyzer-control-20805.jpg?fit=493%2C227&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1597,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/pm-sequence-on-xps-and-aes-systems\/","url_meta":{"origin":345,"position":1},"title":"PM sequence on XPS and AES systems","author":"Randy","date":"December 6, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Performing regular Preventive Maintenance on surface analysis systems such as X-ray Photo Electron spectrometers (XPS) and Auger Electron spectrometers (AES) is a very important step in keeping the systems functioning properly and reliably. But performing the necessary steps in the correct PM sequence will make sure that you maximize the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Operation and Calibration Procedures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"electronics console air filters","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/GMBH-filters.jpg?fit=704%2C470&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/GMBH-filters.jpg?fit=704%2C470&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/GMBH-filters.jpg?fit=704%2C470&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2747,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/stability-testing-of-surface-analysis-optics\/","url_meta":{"origin":345,"position":2},"title":"Stability testing of surface analysis optics","author":"Randy","date":"March 6, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"There are two easy ways to check the stability of the electron or photon source on an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, Auger electron spectrometer or Scanning Electron microscope: Measure the target current and plot the results vs. time using a data logging picoammeter such as RBD\u2019s 9103.Acquire a depth profile region\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Electron Current vs time","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/current-vs-time-800px.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/current-vs-time-800px.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/current-vs-time-800px.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":684,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/xps-analyzer-focal-point\/","url_meta":{"origin":345,"position":3},"title":"XPS analyzer focal point","author":"Randy","date":"July 16, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This post will explain how to find the analyzer focal point on a PHI 5000 series XPS system and then align the system microscope to that point. The general idea is that the lens on the SCA (spherical capacitive analyzer) has a very specific focal point where the highest counts,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Operation and Calibration Procedures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"slotted-silver-specimen","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/slotted-silver-specimen-mounted-on-recessed-sample-mount.jpg?fit=664%2C565&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1184,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/xps-aes-peak-linearity-adjustments\/","url_meta":{"origin":345,"position":4},"title":"XPS and AES peak linearity adjustments","author":"Randy","date":"July 21, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"This post is a compilation of some calibration tech tips that I have written over the years. The procedures listed below explain how to calibrate the following systems and units: 5600 and 5400 XPS systems, Double pass CMA XPS analyzers Scanning Auger system, Auger analyzers WARNING: Some of these procedures\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Operation and Calibration Procedures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"xps-copper-gold-peaks","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/xps-copper-gold-peaks.jpg?fit=717%2C471&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/xps-copper-gold-peaks.jpg?fit=717%2C471&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/xps-copper-gold-peaks.jpg?fit=717%2C471&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":300,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/phi-optics-repair-guidelines-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":345,"position":5},"title":"PHI Optics Repair Guidelines","author":"Randy","date":"January 17, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This document contains information about optics repair methods, procedures and tricks that are useful when working on older PHI optics units such as cylindrical mirror analyzers, x-ray photoelectron spectrometers and sputter ion sources. General Optics Guidelines. Clean all tools with isopropanol or methanol and also degauss them if possible. Most\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/10-155-electron-gun-detail.png?fit=619%2C568&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=345"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":350,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345\/revisions\/350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}