{"id":3449,"date":"2021-12-01T10:32:44","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T18:32:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/?p=3449"},"modified":"2021-12-01T10:32:50","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T18:32:50","slug":"sca-charging-lens-elements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"SCA charging lens elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This blog will describe the symptoms and solution for lens elements that charge up due to an oxidized graphite coating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Overview &#8211;<\/strong> The Physical Electronics SCA (Spherical Capaitive Analyzer) has a series of 2 or 4 lenses that focus electrons into the energy analyzer section of the SCA.  The first two lenses determine the analysis area and the second two lenses focus the electrons into the SCA for optimal counts and energy resolution. The voltages applied to the lenses change as a function of the kinetic energy of the electrons being detected.   The sketch below shows the general concept on an SCA that uses a Position Sensitive Detector.  Most SCAs today have a MCD multi-channel detector but the lenses work the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/281030_10-360_SCA_Theory.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"756\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C756&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/281030_10-360_SCA_Theory-pdf-791x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazy wp-image-3450\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"756\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/281030_10-360_SCA_Theory-pdf.jpg?resize=584%2C756&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3450\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption>SCA Lens Concept<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The 5600 XPS system lenses are constructed out of stainless steel.  In order to reduce the secondary electron yield (a lower secondary electron yeild improves energy resolution),  <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquadag\">Aquadag<\/a> is sprayed on the inside of the lens surfaces.  Aquadag is basically pure carbon, and carbon has a low secondary electron yield. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Problem <\/strong>&#8211; unstable data at higher pass energies, larger analysis areas, or higher x-ray source power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Normally charging presents itself as unstable data with very high spikes in the counts followed by rapid discharges.   In this case, the problem presented itself more like a digital step problem with very repeatable steps in the data at particular eVs.    Another interesting effect was the ratio of peak heights would also change as a function of the pass energy, analysis area or x-ray source power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Initially the symptoms pointed to the MCD multi channel detector or the chevron plates.  The MCD was pulled and inspected an no problems were seen.  The chevron (channel) plates were replaced and that did not change the symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another clue was that if the lens cables were removed from the SCA and the lens elements shorted to ground, the data looked correct.   In addition, one lens could be grounded and the other lens could have voltage applied to it and the data would also look correct.  However, if the area of one of the the lenses were changed (by selecting large area mode) the problem would return, even with the other lens still grounded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conclusion was that the surfaces of the lenses must be charging, but only at large areas where more electrons would fill the lenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The SCA lens was removed and the resistivity of the lens elements were measured.  The resistance of the lens coating would vary from tens of ohms to thousands of ohms depending on where the measurements were made.  These resistance measurements matched the symptoms as a high resistance surface would not conduct the electrons that hit the inside of the lens cylinders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aquadag works well to reduce secondary electrons.  But if exposed to air for extended periods of time it (evidently) can form an oxide layer which increases the resistance of the coating substantially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A clean stainless steel scouring pad with a very light touch was used to break the oxide layer without removing too much of the Aquadag coating. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"3455\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/stainless-steel-pad\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?fit=622%2C601&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"622,601\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?fit=300%2C290&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?fit=584%2C564&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=300%2C290&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad-300x290.jpg\" alt=\"stainless steel pad\" class=\"lazy wp-image-3455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?resize=300%2C290&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?resize=310%2C300&amp;ssl=1 310w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?w=622&amp;ssl=1 622w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"3455\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/stainless-steel-pad\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?fit=622%2C601&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"622,601\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?fit=300%2C290&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?fit=584%2C564&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?resize=300%2C290&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"stainless steel pad\" class=\"wp-image-3455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?resize=300%2C290&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?resize=310%2C300&amp;ssl=1 310w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/stainless-steel-pad.jpg?w=622&amp;ssl=1 622w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The technique used was to lightly rotate the scouring pad inside the lens elements and then check the resistance of the lens coating.  The resistance would gradually drop with each rotation of the scouring pad.  When the resistance dropped close to a few ohms, no further scouring was done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"3460\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/lens-close-up-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lens-close-up-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?fit=584%2C584&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C584&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazy wp-image-3460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?w=1512&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"3460\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/lens-close-up-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lens-close-up-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?fit=584%2C584&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=584%2C584&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?w=1512&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up-1.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption>Lens element<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When this process was completed, the inside of the lens elements were conductive but still black, so most of the Aquadag coating was still intact. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After reinstalling the lens, pumping down and baking the vacuum chamber, the SCA performed correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"3463\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/lens-nipple\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lens-nipple\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?fit=584%2C584&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C584&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazy wp-image-3463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?w=1512&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"3463\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/lens-nipple\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lens-nipple\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?fit=584%2C584&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=584%2C584&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?w=1512&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lens-nipple.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption>The first step is to remove the bolts on the flange that hold the lens to the chamber.  Then, tilt the SCA back so that it rests on the arm stop.  Remove the aperture size knob and the two lens feedthroughs. Next remove the nipple.  Then, remove the magnetic shield (4 long screws) and finally the lens assembly (2 screws).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"3464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/5600-lens-assembly\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?fit=1600%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"5600-lens-assembly\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?fit=584%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C438&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazy wp-image-3464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"3464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/5600-lens-assembly\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?fit=1600%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"5600-lens-assembly\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?fit=584%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=584%2C438&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5600-lens-assembly.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption>Once the lens assembly is out you need to separate all of the sections in order to be able to use the  scouring pad.   The lens sections are held in place with screws and ceramics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"3465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/remove-lens-element\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"remove-lens-element\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?fit=584%2C584&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/jquery-image-lazy-loading\/images\/grey.gif?resize=584%2C584&#038;ssl=1\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazy wp-image-3465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?w=1512&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><noscript><img data-attachment-id=\"3465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/remove-lens-element\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"remove-lens-element\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?fit=584%2C584&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element-1024x1024.jpg?resize=584%2C584&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?w=1512&amp;ssl=1 1512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/remove-lens-element.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption>Close up of lens electrical contacts.  The top one has been removed by unscrewing the rod CCW.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are experiencing this problem please contact RBD Instruments for more details.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This blog will describe the symptoms and solution for lens elements that charge up due to an oxidized graphite coating. Overview &#8211; The Physical Electronics SCA (Spherical Capaitive Analyzer) has a series of 2 or 4 lenses that focus electrons &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/sca-charging-lens-elements\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[164],"tags":[382,381,380],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lens-close-up.jpg?fit=1512%2C1512&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-TD","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":684,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/xps-analyzer-focal-point\/","url_meta":{"origin":3449,"position":0},"title":"XPS analyzer focal point","author":"Randy","date":"July 16, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This post will explain how to find the analyzer focal point on a PHI 5000 series XPS system and then align the system microscope to that point. The general idea is that the lens on the SCA (spherical capacitive analyzer) has a very specific focal point where the highest counts,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Operation and Calibration Procedures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"slotted-silver-specimen","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/slotted-silver-specimen-mounted-on-recessed-sample-mount.jpg?fit=664%2C565&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1420,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5600-xps-analyzer-voltages\/","url_meta":{"origin":3449,"position":1},"title":"5600 XPS analyzer voltages","author":"Randy","date":"April 22, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"One of the more common questions that we get when a PHI 5500 or 5600 XPS system loses the ability to collect data, is -\u00a0 \"how can we test the analyzer voltages?\"\u00a0\u00a0 This post will explain the procedure in detail. First though, the disclaimers - #1 This procedure involves measuring\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"5600 SCA filter box","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/5600-SCA-filter-box.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/5600-SCA-filter-box.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/5600-SCA-filter-box.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":568,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/electron-multipliers-used-in-phi-aes-and-xps-analyzers\/","url_meta":{"origin":3449,"position":2},"title":"Electron multipliers used in PHI AES and XPS analyzers","author":"Randy","date":"May 17, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"The Physical Electronics AES cylindrical mirror (CMA), double-pass ESCA (XPS) and single channel SCA hemisphere analyzers use variations of the Channeltron\u00ae (registered trade mark of Photonis \u2013 Burle \u2013 Galileo) type of electron multiplier. The function of the electron multiplier is to increase the number of electrons that the analyzer\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/channeltron-electron-multiplier.jpg?fit=203%2C267&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":345,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/ion-beam-induced-low-energy-electrons\/","url_meta":{"origin":3449,"position":3},"title":"Ion Beam Induced Low Energy Electrons","author":"Randy","date":"February 6, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"For the purpose of checking the performance of a surface analysis spectrometer such as a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) or spherical capacitive analyzer (SCA), looking at an ion induced low energy electron peak can be extremely helpful. The peak typically occurs at about 20 to 50 eV and the size\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Operation and Calibration Procedures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ion gun noise","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Ion-gun-noise.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":300,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/phi-optics-repair-guidelines-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":3449,"position":4},"title":"PHI Optics Repair Guidelines","author":"Randy","date":"January 17, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This document contains information about optics repair methods, procedures and tricks that are useful when working on older PHI optics units such as cylindrical mirror analyzers, x-ray photoelectron spectrometers and sputter ion sources. General Optics Guidelines. Clean all tools with isopropanol or methanol and also degauss them if possible. Most\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/10-155-electron-gun-detail.png?fit=619%2C568&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3760,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/electron-multipliers-for-older-phi-aes-and-xps-systems\/","url_meta":{"origin":3449,"position":5},"title":"Electron multipliers for older PHI AES and XPS systems","author":"Randy","date":"June 15, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Part numbers for electron multipliers for older Physical Electronics Auger and X-ray photoelectron analyzers.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General Optics and Vacuum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General Optics and Vacuum","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/general-optics-and-vacuum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png?fit=775%2C507&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3449"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3467,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3449\/revisions\/3467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}