9103 Picoammeter bias modes<\/p>\n
This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d.<\/p>\n
There are 4 picoammeter bias modes:<\/p>\n
No bias<\/strong> \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nInternal<\/strong> \u2013 a low noise DC supply (two 45 V DC batteries in series) provides a bias between the current source and the input of the picoammeter. This application is typically used for providing a +90V bias to a target in a vacuum chamber in order to prevent secondary electrons from leaving the sample. Adding the 90V bias results in a more accurate measurement for both electron and ion current. It is also possible to use regular 9V batteries and so lower internal bias voltages are possible. Batteries are used for the internal bias as they are very clean with no ripple.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nExternal \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nInternal<\/strong> \u2013 a low noise DC supply (two 45 V DC batteries in series) provides a bias between the current source and the input of the picoammeter. This application is typically used for providing a +90V bias to a target in a vacuum chamber in order to prevent secondary electrons from leaving the sample. Adding the 90V bias results in a more accurate measurement for both electron and ion current. It is also possible to use regular 9V batteries and so lower internal bias voltages are possible. Batteries are used for the internal bias as they are very clean with no ripple.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nExternal \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Internal<\/strong> \u2013 a low noise DC supply (two 45 V DC batteries in series) provides a bias between the current source and the input of the picoammeter. This application is typically used for providing a +90V bias to a target in a vacuum chamber in order to prevent secondary electrons from leaving the sample. Adding the 90V bias results in a more accurate measurement for both electron and ion current. It is also possible to use regular 9V batteries and so lower internal bias voltages are possible. Batteries are used for the internal bias as they are very clean with no ripple.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nExternal \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nExternal \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/p>\n\n\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nExternal \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\n\n\nExternal \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
External \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\nThe 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\nTwo BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\nThe maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. (This type of connection is also referred to as \"floating input\".) The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. The Faraday cup used on many Physical Electronics\/PHI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ion Sources"","block_context":{"text":"Ion Sources","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/ion-sources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"faraday cup","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/faraday-cup-254x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4016,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1855\/revisions\/4016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
There are two external bias options for the 9103, both are limited to 600 V DC.<\/p>\n
9103EXTBIASPR has a BNC connector on the back of the 9103 that connects to the customer\u2019s voltage source which needs to be isolated from ground (floating).<\/p>\n
9103DBPR (shown below) has two BNC connectors on the front panel of the 9103 and the 9103 floats on the customer\u2019s ground referenced DC voltage source.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The 9103DBPR is the most common external bias option as most voltage sources are referenced to ground (not isolated).<\/p>\n
Two BNC connectors are used to float the 9103 up to as much as +\/- 600V DC with an external low noise voltage source (provided be the user). \u00a0\u00a0 The voltage source is connected to the HV (signal ground) BNC connector and the 9103 and the current source (DUT) is connected to the Input BNC connector.<\/p>\n
The maximum voltage that can be applied in this mode is 600V DC (that is the rating of the BNC input on the 9103 USB picoammeter).<\/p>\n
<\/noscript><\/a> External Bias Dual BNC<\/p><\/div>\nFloating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. 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The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. 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Floating<\/strong> \u2013 In this mode the picoammeter signal ground is raised from near chassis ground up to a value as high as +\/- 5000V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If you were to measure between the signal input and the signal ground reference the voltage would be low (under 1V typically). However measuring the DC voltage from the signal reference to chassis ground the voltage would be high, the floating supply value.<\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. 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If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. 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<\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\nWhen floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\nThe maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\nThe floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\nFor all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\nIf you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. 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The 9103 USB data logging picoammeter has the ability to float higher than\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Current-limit-resistor-2.jpg?fit=1117%2C713&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/measure-electron-current-accurately\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":3},"title":"Measure electron current accurately","author":"Randy","date":"December 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"To measure electron current accurately (or ion current) you need to take secondary electrons out of the measurement. This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. But, in order to optimize the ion beam focus at larger beam sizes, a Faraday cup is required. 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When floating the 9103 USB picoammeter there are some safety considerations. First of all, the input to the 9103 is changed from a BNC to either a SHV or MHV connector (user specified). These connectors are rated for up to 5kV. The recorder output on the back of the 9103 also floats. For example if you apply a floating voltage of 1000V the recorder output would also measure 1000V with respect to chassis ground. So if you are using the recorder output and also floating the 9103 the meter that you are measuring the recorder output with also needs to be isolated from ground. Finally, to prevent voltage spikes a current limit resistor is placed between the floating supply and the 9103 signal ground.\u00a0\u00a0 The floating mode is typically used to measure the collector output of an electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.<\/p>\n
The maximum float voltage with the latest rev 9103 is +\/- 5000 V DC.\u00a0\u00a0 If your 9103 was purchased before January 2019 then it can only float up to 1500V DC maximum.<\/p>\n
The floating mode cannot be used with either the internal or external bias modes.\u00a0 However you really would not need either of those options as you can float the 9103 up to get what ever bias you need.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 let’s say you want to measure an ion beam that is at 3000V DC and you wanted to retard the ions by 200V.\u00a0 You could simple set the bias supply to +3200 V DC and you would\u00a0 be retarding the 3000 V beam by 200V DC.<\/p>\n
For all modes of operation the chassis ground of the 9103 USB picoammeter should be connected to the ground on the PC or chamber.<\/p>\n
If you would like more detailed information please contact us via email at the link in the upper right hand corner of our website at www rbdinstruments dot com.<\/p>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
9103 Picoammeter bias modes This post explains the 9103 picoammeter bias modes and also explains the concept of \u201cfloating\u201d. There are 4 picoammeter bias modes: No bias \u2013 the current source is connected directly to the picoammeter input Internal \u2013 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[159],"tags":[233,234,7],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Floating-the-9103-Functionality-5000V.png?fit=766%2C824&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2DEXo-tV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2335,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/how-to-test-the-bias-batteries-in-a-9103-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":0},"title":"How to test the bias batteries in a 9103 picoammeter","author":"Randy","date":"April 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The 9103 USB picoammeter is often equipped with a +90 V bias option which improves the accuracy of electron and ion current measurements (by reducing the number of low energy secondary electrons that are generated by the beam from leaving the target). The +90 V bias comprises two 45V batteries\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 bias batteries","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/9103-Batteries.jpg?fit=972%2C648&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3844,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-usb-picoammeter-blog-list\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":1},"title":"9103 USB Picoammeter Blog list","author":"Randy","date":"September 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A summary of all of the 9103 USB picoammeter blog posts at RBD Techspot","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV Picoammeter","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/9103-hv.png?fit=530%2C261&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2119,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/9103-floating-ground-reference\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":2},"title":"9103 Floating Ground Reference","author":"Randy","date":"November 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \"floating ground reference\" in the title of this post refers to an electrical circuit that does not have a ground connected electrically to earth. 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This is easy to do if you have a Faraday cup. The Faraday cup traps secondary electrons which results in an accurate beam current measurement. If secondary electrons are allowed to leave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Operation and Calibration Procedures"","block_context":{"text":"Operation and Calibration Procedures","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/operation-and-calibration-procedures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Secondary electron cutoff","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Secondary-electron-cutoff.jpg?fit=899%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2478,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/5kv-floating-picoammeter\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":4},"title":"5 kV floating Picoammeter Video","author":"Randy","date":"February 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This blog posts explains how a picoammeter can be floated up to +\/- 5 kV DC It includes a link to a video that shows a 9103 USB picoammeter being floated up to 5 kV and also a Keithley 485 picoammeter trying to float up to 5 kV.","rel":"","context":"In "9103 USB Picoammeter"","block_context":{"text":"9103 USB Picoammeter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/category\/9103-usb-picoammeter\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"9103 HV","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/9103.jpg?fit=518%2C250&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbdinstruments.com\/blog\/faraday-cup-procedure-to-align-ion-beam-current\/","url_meta":{"origin":1855,"position":5},"title":"Faraday cup procedure to align ion beam current","author":"Randy","date":"March 11, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Using Ta2O5 or SiO2 works well for aligning an ion beam to the focal point of an X-ray photoelectron or scanning Auger electron spectrometer. 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